Chemistry and Confidential Instructions

O Level Chemistry (5070) Frequently Asked Questions Can my candidates take a dictionary / calculator into the examination? Calculators can be used in all science papers and students should take a calculator, ruler, pencil, protractor and set of compasses into all science exams. Dictionaries are not allowed. My candidates did 0K last session but I would like advice on how to improve my teaching and where they were losing marks unnecessarily – what help can I get? If you want a detailed breakdown then you can ask for a Group Report on your candidates but this will cost you money and so is only really worth doing if you have erious concerns.If you want more general advice the Report on the Examination gives a wealth of advice on teaching and highlights where candidates have most difficulty. What equipment should we have in our laboratories? A CIE booklet entitled Planning Science in Secondary Schools is available from CIE Publications and a list is given in the syllabus. What hel p and advice can you give me about health and safety in the laboratory? The most important point of first contact is with the organisation responsible for health and safety in schools locally; they must be consulted if you are in any doubt and will dvise on any local legal requirements.In addition, there are several useful guides available and many are listed in the booklet ‘Planning Science in Secondary Schools'. Most chemical suppliers' catalogues have details of safety requirements for specific chemicals, and ‘Hazards' (published by CLEAPSS Development Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge), ‘Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory (published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0-85186-489-9) and ‘Hazard Data Sheets' (published by BDH Laboratory Supplies) are all excellent reference points.An on-line resource is located at www. labsafety. rg My candidates are doing the Alternative to Practical paper, so they don't need any laboratory experience, do they? Yes, they do. The ATP paper is an alternative to the Practical Paper, not an alternative to doing practical work. The syllabus makes it clear, in both the Aims and the Assessment Objectives, that the course should be taught practically and that candidates should have experience of doing (rather than merely seeing) experimental work.The Alternative to Practical paper assesses their practical skills, including both data handling and familiarity with standard laboratory equipment. Any candidates without experience of doing practical work will be disadvantaged in this paper. Also practical work is an excellent way of demonstrating a particular point and helping students understand the chemistry theory. Is there an option available which doesn't involve any assessment of practical skills? No. Practical skills are an integral part of chemistry.A chemistry qualification without a practical component would be a second-rate assessment of the subject, and CIE aims to provide valid qualifications r ecognised in all parts of the world. Practicals are a good way of It does not have to be expensive or complicated and many experiments can be very much run as ‘kitchen sink style ones using only household chemicals. http://www. xtremepapers. net I am in the middle of setting up the practical examination, and I need to look at the question. Am I allowed to look at a copy of the question paper?No. You should have preparing the examination using the Confidential Instructions, which are issued to Centres in confidence well in advance of the examination. These instructions tell you all you need to know about the apparatus requirements, how the apparatus is to be rranged, and what it will be used for. If you have a problem which cannot be resolved using the Confidential Instructions, please telephone our Customer services line on +44 1223 553554 or e-mail [email  protected] org. uk.I haven't got the exact equipment specified in the Confidential Instructions, but I do have somethin g similar. Am I allowed to adapt the experiment at all? Yes, you are allowed to make minor adaptations to the apparatus, providing that the apparatus still works as specified in the Confidential Instructions. You do not need to seek our approval for these minor adaptations. However, you must report the adaptations in detail to the examiners, by completing the Supervisor's Report form on the back of the Confidential Instructions, which should be enclosed with the candidates' completed scripts.More substantial adaptations, which require changes to the experiment or which cause the apparatus to work in a different way from that described in the Confidential Instructions, are not allowed. Which option makes it easiest for my students to achieve high grades? They are all the same difficulty, and in every examination we use some robust statistical methods o make sure that the options really are all the same difficulty. Which is the correct textbook for the course?We don't require Centres to use any one particular textbook for our courses, and we would hope that wherever possible teachers would make use of a variety of different resources, drawing from the best bits of each. We do provide a list of books that we believe teachers may find helpful, and you can find this on our website, this will also identify any text books that CIE have produced or which ones we have endorsed for use with our syllabuses. Do I need to teach the course in the order given in the yllabus? No, and we don't recommend it.The syllabus outlines what may be assessed in the examination, but we would normally expect teachers to follow their own scheme of work based on the syllabus. Schemes of work suggesting teaching activities will shortly be available from the teacher support site. Where can I get advice from fellow teachers? There is a teacher discussion group for teachers, hosted by the product manager at CIE and a senior examiner. To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit the Teacher Support Site for instructions. 2/2

Summer

The leaves now searching for a new home, they flutter down on their wings of pure gold. The trees now come together, forsaken, isolated and soon to winters cold. Crickets, hedgehogs, owls too join in with the late night autumn song. To remind us another season won't be long. Christmas gifts make their showing on shelves in stores. Leaf blowers begin to go on vacation and snow shovels prepare for chores.Winter is here Everything knows from the tiny hares to the giant deer That Christmas our favorite time of the year is near. Struggling to keep in winter's cheer, Children burst out â€Å"winter is here†. Sometimes tend to gaze at the stars. On a clear winter's night maybe even Mars. When outside is a winter wonderland of snow, Passionate eyes like ember aglow. Teeth chatter like a pair of castanets. The cold seeps into our gloves until they cease to bend properly.There is no escape from the cold especially when it's in your own property Your muscles will be so numb you can barel y hop It seems like a mission just going to the first bus stop But if I do each the bus stop, I attempt to lean on it. Forgetting that in winter days, the icy biting metal that quickly imbibes all your body heat Leaving you as cold as those trees, it's an experience you loud not like to meet On winters day thin frozen puddles crack under my winter boots. To me the cracks look like gnarled fingers, twisted and knotted.Others say the cracks look like tree roots. The ground was as smooth as a cake Snow had fallen like icing powder, perfecting it to its finest point The scene so unreal one could say it was fake. The swirling white and the lush grass collided. Falling in snow the children were delighted The trees so tired it seemed they couldn't even put up a fight To keep themselves all stained white The trees dreamt of warmth All they received was the pale light only winter's Sun could give.Even the leaf stems lie frosty and sharp But it glistens like an angels harp The floor full of c rystals of ice gleam like a floor of polished white quartz Indicating aims time for winter sports. In winter people are sneezing because it is freezing As they exhale visible puffs of smoke diverge People begin to miss summers outdoor heating When witnessing the obscure clouds above finally converge. Winter winds now howl Piling up snow in adrift Tired from a lack of sleep people now scowl Misunderstanding, winters cool gift.

History of Gaming Essay

Gaming has been around since the late 1960’s far later than I had thought, for me I had always thought that the Atari 2600 was the first gaming system known to mankind, and after starting my research I found out how wrong I was. In this part of the teams paper I will discuss the different types of this technology thought it history. In 1967 the first gaming console ever was created and was named the â€Å"Brown Box.† A German born television engineer Ralph Baer and his colleagues created the Brown Box which worked on your basic standard television set. Working with a firm called Sanders Associates, Baer along with co-workers drew up schematics for a game which was called the chase game, and they built a vacuum tube circuit that connected to the television. Two players controlled two squares that basically chased each other on the screen, at that point in time gaming was born. Baer and his associates later added a light fun and developed a total of 12 games for the Brown Box. Fast forward five years after Baer and his associates created the Brown Box, Magnavox began production of the Magnavox Odyssey. The Odyssey was called the first commercial video-game console and was marketed in Magnavox TV dealerships. The Odyssey used six cartridges to play up to twelve games. The Odyssey downfall is that many TV dealers didn’t see any potential in it and along with the false rumor that it only worked in Magnavox televisions hurt the popularity of the gaming systems. In 1972 Nolan Bushnell founded Atari and three years later in 1975, they had their first smash hit with an arcade game called Pong. Atari sold a home version of the game Pong through Sears under the Sears Tele-games label. What made Pong unique was that it produced an on-screen score and sound all by single chip. With his first system Nolan Bushnell and Atari shot to the top of household gaming. Knowing that some of not anything last forever especially a single game system popularity, Nolan Bushnell and Atari started working on a cartridge based system, one that could play multiple games. In 1976 Bushnell Sold Atari to Warner Communications, and Warner immediately backed the Atari project, and the Atari VCS later renamed the Atari 2600 was introduced. The Atari was a big hit and had multiple game hits to go along with it, hits like the ever popular Spaced Invaders, Breakout, Missile Command, and Combat just to name a few. Atari was the first ever massed produced home video gaming system, selling 400,000 systems and hitting sales figures of $120 million dollars during the first Christmas season in 1977. In 1980 Mattel released Intellivision, and was the first to take a run at Atari’s gamming thrown. This sparked what some would like to call a console war between Atari and Mattel. Intellivision featured better game graphics and synthesized voices in video games. Both systems brought on other game developers like Coleco and Activision, but with so many of the games being unlicensed games and no household system lead to gaming industry crash in 1983-84 cause in many companies to file bankruptcy. Nintendo, a Japanese based company became part of the gaming industry in 1985 with its release of the Nintendo Entertainment System. With some of the most popular titles ever like Super Mario Brothers, Metroid, and Legend of Zelda and that of third party games like Tecmo Bowl and RBI baseball, the NES turned the non-believers that didn’t think it was a good idea to get into gaming after a crash, into believers. In 1987 Sega released its gaming system which dwarfed the capabilities that its predecessor, the NES, had offered. It was called the MasterSystem but it didn’t make the splash that many in the Sega camp had thought it would make, due to its lack of third-party games and other things it was the demise of the MasterSystem and the first failing of Sega. Sega went directly back to the drawing board and soon after released its first hit the Sega Genesis in 1989. Backed by many game developers like Electronic Arts, the Sega Genesis opened the door for the first ever battle for supremacy for gaming dominance. Four years after the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo released its second smash hit, with the Gameboy. Gameboy was dubbed the as the first ever handheld gaming console and had a black and white screen. Tetris one of the most popular Gameboy games ran the Gameboy sales through the roof. With many make-overs throughout the course of history Gameboy continued to stay relevant in gaming. 1990 was the release of SNK’s Neo-Geo a 24 bit home gaming system that was said to be many years ahead of its competitors and its time. The Neo-Geo had one problem, it wasn’t 2-D graphics those were great, it wasn’t its arcade level quality that was what everyone wanted, it was neither of those two things that helped the Neo-Geo fail it was its $650.00 price tag and its $200.00 games that took the Neo-Geo from great innovation to under achiever. In 1991 Nintendo releases the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Beaten to the punch by Sega with its gaming system the Sega Genesis, the 16 bit SNES had some catching up to do. It wasn’t long before the SNES thanks to its technological superiority, had overtaken the Sega Genesis thanks to its big name games like Super Mario Brothers, Metroid, and Zelda. By the end of the 90’s Sega Genesis was no more than an afterthought for SNES who had taken over the 16 bit era and the gaming industry. It wasn’t till the year 1995 that Nintendo again was challenged for its gaming dominance. Sony introduced the Sony PlayStation a 32 bit CD-ROM based technology and has been said to be the most popular gaming system ever. The games had three dimensional gameplay much better than the 2-D of the past. What was the most attraction to any gamer was the price of the games which dramatically dropped compared to those of cartridge based games. It was also in 1995 the second day of September that the Sega franchise basically started its demise. This day marked the release of the Sega Saturn, which was dubbed the best worst system, according to many. Because it was pushed up to get out ahead of the newly announced PlayStation 2, it gave the Sony corporation time to sit back and polish the upcoming PlayStation 2 and learn from the mistakes that the Sega Saturn was making. In 1996 the Nintendo franchise countered the PlayStation with the Nintendo64, the last cartridge based system. Although the cartridges loaded faster than the CD-ROMS of PlayStation the Nintendo64 couldn’t even keep up with the amount of games that were released for the PlayStation, leaving the PlayStation on top of the gaming for the time being. It was in 1998 when Sega made its final push as a contender in the world of gaming with its release of the CD-based system Dreamcast, which incorporated a 128-bit processing system. The Dreamcast was the first system that had a modem which allowed for internet connectivity that brought on the ability to play online, download extra content and updated to the system itself. This would be the last time that anyone would here from the Sega franchise in the console industry. In 2001 Sega discontinued the Dreamcast and announced that it would be leaving the console market for good and taking its Sonic franchise with them. Four years after the release of the Nintendo64 and five years after the first initial PlayStation, Sony releases its second version of the PlayStation 2. The first 128 bit system featured backwards compatibility allowing the PS2 to play the older PlayStations games, and also could be used as a DVD player. Not only was the PS2 named most popular 128 bit system but with its release it marked the rise of console popularity played over the internet. 2001 was the introduction of the old guy with a new system and the new kid on the block in gaming. Nintendo hit the gaming market again going away from its usual cartridge based systems and introducing its first ever CD based system. The GameCube was marketed more for the younger demographics and is said to be what made the system flop and sell short. Along with the inability to connect to the internet it was called a one trick pony and was behind in the gaming world and home entertainment systems. The now new kid on the block Microsoft introduced its own gaming system the X-box. The PC giant used PC technology when building the X-Box which allowed for greater performance. Although the X-Box’s technology proved greater performance when compared to that of the 128 bit PS2 it still remained behind the number of sales that the PS2 had leaving Sony alone at that top of the gaming world. In 2002 Nintendo stepped back in with the Gameboy Advance and again in 2004 with the Nintendo DS. Some would argue and go as far as to say that all Nintendo did was step on its on toes with how they released the two versions so closely together. By doing so experts say that they made the Gameboy obsolete by releasing the DS so soon. Playstation soon joined Nintendo in the hand held gaming evolution, challenging Nintendo’s dominance. The PlayStation Portable like the Gameboy and DS featured wireless capability, high graphics and non-gaming functions mimicking PC-based devices. 2005 also marked the release of the Microsoft X-Box 360. The processing power of the X-Box 360 was said to be unrivaled, and all came with an internal hard drive, played DVDs and had the ability to connect four controllers at one time wirelessly, as well as connecting to the internet. The Nintendo Wii was released in 2006 and featured a built in WiFi for online game play, wireless controllers and Bluetooth. The wireless controllers weren’t new to gaming but what Nintendo did bring to the table with their wireless controllers was the motion sensor technology, allowing the game to mimic the performance of the actual player. 2006 is also when the Sony franchise again exerted its dominance and rivaled back against Microsoft X-Box 360 with the PlayStation 3. The PS3 came with an internal hard drive as well and the ability not only to play DVD’s but also Blue Ray DVD, along with its ability to connect to the internet wirelessly and connect multiple controllers wirelessly, it is said to be still atop the gaming industry, but again that’s all in who you ask. These two systems, PlayStation 3 and X-Box 360, along with the Nintendo Wii brings us to where we are now with gaming in what is called the 8th Generation of gaming. Every year the three gaming giants Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo continue to wow us with different and greater gaming innovation that keeps the rivalry for gaming dominance going on and going strong. In the last few years the X-Box 360 stepped up the gaming war and has released technology that gets rid of the hand held controllers all together! The Kinect from Microsoft has really stepped up its technology and has gotten rid of the controller period. The Kinect set the Guinness Book of World Record for the fastest gaming system ever and comes highly recommended by many consumers and game developers. Recently it was reported that Microsoft X-Box 360 is looking to compete with cable television providers announcing that its consoles will allow the gamer to watch television through it. All of the consoles allow you to watch things like Net Flicks and get on the internet and surf the net, but rivaling cable providers that’s a big step. I look for Sony and Nintendo to sit back and wait to see where this goes before they follow in the footsteps of Microsoft, as they have previously done, but I don’t think they will jump right on board with this because of fear of failure and losing money. If you are a gamer a hardcore gamer you have to be excited for the future of gaming, from a standpoint it looks bright and exciting. With rumors of Sony releasing the Playstation 4 and the system having touch screen technology; it has all the gamers grinning from ear to ear about what the future of gaming actually may be. Gaming has already developed full 3D gaming technology and 3D moti on sensors and powerful graphics and they look to continue to improve upon these technologies. Many have argued that consoles in the future will eventually fall by the wayside making way for hand held portable gaming to be the dominate gaming systems in the future. Of course this upsets many hardcore gamers because they don’t see that as being a plus since many like to play their games on a larger scaled screen. With that being said many say the IPhone 8 will probably be the future of gaming and going as far as to say it although it is a hand held device it will be able to plug into a television set or even connect wirelessly to continue to give that big game experience. Many say that the future of gaming is mobile, digital, and cloud gaming. The better gaming system is said to be one that you can take anywhere and everywhere. Most of the time even of if home many gamers are even using mobile gaming at home, some experts say up to 47% of gamers are mobile gaming even at home. Mobile gaming is not just the casual gaming it used to be and has changed the way all gamers vi ew games. Spending approximately 16 hours a week compared to that of the 18 hours of traditional gaming some say digital is the way of the future and hardware doesn’t matter anymore. The type of hardware you use never really ever did matter, it has always been about the software. Hardware will be less and less relevant in the future and it will be more about the software. With cloud gaming it is becoming more and more of a reality and with two client services already launched it is coming along full circle. The angle of cloud gaming is to offer high definition gaming on any television or device that can receive a broadband signal with even high-end games that can be played on devices that get low power. In a CNNTech report back in September of 2008 had reported that a future release of the Emotiv EPOC headset. The Emotiv EPOC headset is said to be the first Brain Computer Interface and would be able to pick up on over 30 different expressions all by processing real time brain activity. With this technology many enthusiast say that this type of technology makes movies like The Matrix and the Star Trek Holodeck more of a reality in the future. Me personally I am kind of skeptical about that type of technology, and even though experts say that being able to control a computer with your mind is the ultimate quest of human to machine interaction, I still don’t feel any better. In those movies, well all except Star Trek, the machine had a way to take over. So all I see is me playing the video game and the machine taking over my mind and it controlling me and then the earth being run by machines. Well that is how it works in the movies hopefully this won’t be the case. The goal of this though is for the interactions of machines to mimic the way interaction with humans and they say it will ultimately bring communities closer together, so I guess that is one thing we will have to wait to see in the future. So with that being said there is no clear cut way to know which way the future of gaming is actually going, but seeing how far it has come since the Brown Box it is very interesting to sit back and see what the technology produces. At one point in time it was all about transistors and diodes and now it’s about multiple processors, internal memory, and real life graphics. What’s more gaming consoles are no longer just gaming consoles they are now the full true definition of Home Entertainment, with internet connection, streaming music and video and HDD, it is truly a new age for gaming. Social media and social networks has become a big part of many of our lives, well I really should say all of our lives. With that gaming has also being a part of that as it is being input into the Social Medias like Facebook. Many game makers look to theses Social Medias to see exactly what the gamers are taking to and what they are not taking to. World of Warcraft is one of those who uses social media to help them develop more of what they think users want to see and how they want the game to operate and it is actually one of the largest virtual game worlds due to just that along with Second Life which heralds itself as a virtual social world. Social Medias focus on building blocks, identity, conversation, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups, and many gaming systems that can connect to the World Wide Web can do just that. These gaming technologies give you the opportunity to engage with others from around the world no matter where they may be. Facebook has gaming that lets you connect with others and build a farm or a city and share with each other and allows you to help keep up someone else’s farm, building relationships with people anywhere anytime. No matter what you think about gaming and the gaming technology it has come a long way from where it started and there is no telling where it will go. It is a mainstay in the lives of many of people and I am sure that the technology will only get better or more interesting from here into the future. I do myself wonder what is next will the whole computer to brain interaction ever come full circle or is it just a past thought. Will Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo continue to stay on top or will a unknown company come along and knock all of them off the throne. I guess all we can do is sit back watch wait and see what that next big technology is and who will be the first to come out with it. Right now it’s more or less of a waiting game, the Kinect was a big jump and gaming technology and, I love to sit and watch my kids play on it, I have even been known to play on it myself, gaming technology is what keeps many of us known and connected so there is nothing wrong with that. Works Cited Admin. (2012). The History of Video Game Consoles. computergameoffer.com. Bellis, M. (n.d.). Computer and Video Game History. About.com. Edwards, B. (2009). 30 Years of Handheld Game Systems. PC World. Johnson, J. (2008). From Atari Joy Board to Wii fit. BBG. Melanson, D. (2006). A Brief History of Handheld Video games. engadget.

Britains Role in the War Against Germany 1939-45

The role of the British in the war with Germany 1939 - 45 UK played a very important role during the Second World War. It is the longest ally in warfare and can make many contributions to ensure Hitler's fall. The influence of England began on September 3 when Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France declared war against Germany. Why is this so special? This is because he made Hitler the enemy of the West. In fact, Hitler was surprised by the change in the incident and was looking forward to avoid the conflict in the UK. Introduction World War II began when the German army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. On the night of September 3, 1939 two days later, both the UK and France entered a war with Germany. Because they failed in the First World War and created restrictions, Germany has the smallest naval power among the great powers. These limitations of the 1922 Washington Treaty restricted the German Navy's limit on the number of its fleets, tonnage and mortality. - History of Bismarck Bismarck's history began in the spring of 1941. It started a Rheinà ¼bung strategy with two ships and Scharnhorst and Gneisenau returned from Berlin operations. It was thought that Bismarck was sent with the sister ship Tillpitz, but decided not to shorten the training. They will also be sent with Shane Horst and Grenau, but they are not used for the British air strikes. So they sent it along with heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Germany invaded Poland in 1939, eventually leading to the declaration of war between Germany and the UK. However, the Allies adopted a defensive position rather than initiating a massive attack. This is known as the British Phonie War or the French Dora Des degal - an interesting war. It did not prevent the German army from conquering Poland in its innovative electric blast fight within a few weeks. It also helped the Soviet Union to attack Poland. When Germany began attacking the west, the fight of France began in May 1940, and the tactics of the same electric battlefield were found to be devastating there. IDF bypassed the Maguinot line through the parade of the Ardennes Forest. As a shift to this main force, the second German army was sent to Belgium and the Netherlands. In the six weeks of a brutal battle, the French lost 90,000 people. When British and French leaders declared war with Germany on 3 September 1939 they announced they did because the German army attacked Poland and threatened Polish independence. In the war with Germany, the British and French leaders turned the two-day geographically restricted conflict between Germany and Poland into a continental European confrontation. It soon became clear that the reasons for prosecution in English and French are not sincere. After two weeks, the British and French leaders did not declare war against the Soviet Union when Soviet Russian forces attacked Poland from the east and finally occupied more Polish territory than Germany.

Analysis of Investment and Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Investment and Risk - Assignment Example In applying the methods of mitigating risk, making a portfolio is one of them which is, in fact, the most suitable and widely used methods in the entire investment industry (Cinnamon & Larsen, 2006). 1) Making of Efficient Portfolios comprising of 10 stocks in total. The companies which have been chosen for this purpose are BG Group, BHP Billion, BP, Barclays, British American Tobacco, HSBC, Glaxo Smith, Glencore, Unilever, Tesco. a) Short selling is one of the noteworthy activities of investment, which means to sell the assets without having its physical possession. The first part of assignment requires making a portfolio with including short selling allowed. For this purpose, following tabular data has been covered: From the tabular formation given above, it can be seen that lots of fluctuation are there among the mean return and standard deviation. The portfolio made with this particular stance would yield a return of 0.72% and a risk level of 3.53%. In this table, it can be found that short selling is not allowed; hence, an investor cannot take any position for a stock which has negative return. The portfolio return is 0.958% with standard deviation with the same 3.53% level. c) In this part, the return would be the same as in the section â€Å"b† because short selling is not allowed and 25% can be allotted to a single share. From this particular analysis, it can be said that the portfolio, which has been made without short selling, would yield the higher proportion of return in lesser risk adoption as compared to the portfolio in which short selling is allowed. In this scenario, in which portfolio has been diversified between 8 stocks and 2 stocks Coca-Cola and Google have been given 0 proportions. The average return of this portfolio is 0.822% with the same level of risk as illustrated above. From the analysis, it can be easily found that there are four stocks, which are above the level of CML; while other 6 stocks are located below the CML; hence there are only four stocks that can fill the gap of capital of an investor, while all other asset or shares would come below the level of average return.

The villain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The villain - Essay Example The story of Eric from The Cape is a great example of fluidity between definitions of hero and villain. As a child it is clear that Eric wants to be a hero. He feels his cape gives him special powers. He likes what is good and wants to work hard to support it. Once he loses his cape, even though he leads a life of incredible good fortune with Angie, he seems lost. He is no longer a good person. He is certainly no hero. Left to his own devices, is the true character of Eric a person without any redeeming qualities? Does Eric need a crutch (i.e. his cape) in order to be good? Doesn't goodness come from within? These are questions for a longer paper. 3:10 to Yuma illustrates this dichotomy a bit more effectively in the personages of Ben Wade, a villain if there ever was one, and Evans, a hero. Wade shoots innocent people and feels nothing, as we see at the beginning of the story. The contrast between Wade and Evans is key. Without the good of Evans it would be harder to see the bad of W ade. Nevertheless, we see people change. At the end, Wade effectively saves Evans' life on the train. Is he a cold-hearted killer after all? He does seem to live by some kind of code. What does it mean that it is Evans he saves? Does he see the good in Evans and feel like he is worth saving for that reason? These are curious questions that the story leaves us with.

Ethical Issues and Tactics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Issues and Tactics - Essay Example Each part has its own desires, and a person’s behavior will be dictated by the degree to which each of those elements influences behavior. Some belief in this hypothesis, while others broadly discredit it. One thing that is clear, however, is that psychological modification is possible. One form of doing this is called â€Å"conditioning.† In an experiment run by the current author, a group of animals was taught that ringing bells were a precursor to food: a bell would ring, followed by them being given food every time. What this author found is that eventually, if one took away the food and only rang the bell, the animals in question would salivate anyways: it had been fundamentally programmed into their brain that these things were interconnected. This behavior was modified from the outside for a particular purpose. The ethical problem with this essay is the fact that it did not attribute ideas or programs to the people who they belonged to. For instance, I did not give Freud credit for id, ego, and super-ego theory, and failed to mention Pavlov at all in classical conditioning. Furthermore, it seems that I took credit for an experiment run by Pavlov and not by myself (though I suppose it is possible that I ran this experiment again). I think that this would cause the reader to either not believes in the integrity of my work (if they were familiar with the ideas involved) or else they would walk away with the mistaken impression that I originated those ideas. There are many different psychological theories that help to explain why people behave the way they do, and what can be done to influence behavior. In this essay, I will explain some of them in order to foster a better understanding. One theory is that people behave as they do because of a complex interaction between different parts of themselves, of which the conscious mind is one, and the subconscious is the other.